Recently, 18 departments including the Ministry of Education jointly issued the "Opinions on Strengthening Science Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era", stating that each primary school should have at least one science teacher with a master's degree in science and engineering.
·Through 3 to 5 years of hard work, various measures for the addition of science education in the "double reduction" of education will be fully implemented. Provide more high-quality science education for primary and middle school students, comprehensively improve students' scientific literacy, and cultivate young people who have the potential of scientists and are willing to dedicate themselves to scientific research.
·Promote the establishment of science education columns on the new media platforms of major central media. Encourage major media at the central and local levels to cooperate with science education institutions at all levels and science and technology social organizations, strengthen the creation of original science popularization works, actively promote innovation in science education communication, and create a strong atmosphere that values and supports science education.
On May 29, the website of the Ministry of Education released a message titled "Comprehensively Improving the Scientific Quality of Primary and Secondary School Students", interpreting the "Opinions on Strengthening the Work of Science Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinion").
The above-mentioned "opinions" is a special document for the comprehensive deployment of science education in primary and secondary schools in the new era. Provide better science education for primary school students, comprehensively improve students' scientific literacy, and cultivate young people who have the potential of scientists and are willing to dedicate themselves to scientific research .
The "Opinions" insist on putting students first, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, stimulating students' curiosity, imagination and desire to explore, guiding students to consciously acquire scientific knowledge, cultivate scientific spirit, enhance self-confidence and self-reliance in science and technology, and cultivate family and country feelings, and strive to plant in the hearts of children. Plant the seeds of science and guide children to weave their dreams of becoming scientists.
The "Opinions" require that school teaching and services should be improved. According to the course plan, open up and open up enough science courses. In principle, the implementation of interdisciplinary theme learning should not be less than 10% of the teaching requirements; each school should have school leaders or hire experts and scholars as the vice president of science , and in principle, at least one science and technology counselor should be set up, and at least one paired school should have a certain science popularization function institutions (houses, bases, parks, enterprises, etc.). Improve the mechanism for third-party institutions to enter the campus , and coordinate the use of high-quality social science education resources.
The "Opinions" require that the post establishment of primary school science teachers be implemented , the allocation of primary and secondary school experimenters, and science teaching and research personnel of teaching and research departments at all levels be strengthened, and gradually promote the realization that each primary school has at least one science teacher with a master's degree in science and engineering .
The "Opinions" require that a number of teacher-training majors for training teachers of science courses in primary and secondary schools should be added and strengthened, and the ability of experimental teaching should be strengthened. Explore the selection and training of a group of high-level, compound high school science teachers. Increase the proportion of teachers in science courses in projects such as public-funded normal students and the "Excellent Teacher Program". Encourage high-level comprehensive universities to participate in teacher training, and strengthen the supply of high-quality professional science course teachers from the source. In the "National Training Plan" demonstration project, a special training project for teachers of science courses in primary and secondary schools is set up. Upgrade the implementation of the action plan for improving the scientific literacy of primary and secondary school teachers, enhance the awareness and ability of science education, and explore the certification of the professional level of science education.
The "Opinions" emphasize that we must make good use of the social classroom. Coordinate and mobilize units such as universities, research institutes, science and technology museums, youth palaces, children's activity centers, museums, cultural centers, libraries, planning exhibition halls, industrial and agricultural enterprises, and open their venues, bases, camps, parks, production lines and other positions to students , platforms, carriers and resources. Encourage colleges and universities and research institutes to actively connect with primary and secondary schools to lead the development of science education. Guide high-tech industrial and agricultural enterprises to carry out "self-confidence and self-reliance technology product experience" activities.
The "Opinions" emphasizes the promotion of all-media communication and the creation of an atmosphere for science education. Vigorously promote the spirit of science and the spirit of scientists, promote the new media platforms of major central media to set up science education columns , increase the promotion and guidance of science education, and encourage primary and middle school students to establish a lofty ambition to serve the country with science and technology. Incorporate science education into the key tasks of the "double reduction" publicity work matrix, encourage the central and local major media to cooperate with various science education institutions at all levels and social organizations related to science and technology, strengthen the creation of original science popularization works, actively promote the innovation of science education communication, and create a Support a strong atmosphere for science education.
The "Opinions" require that relevant reforms should be well connected. Clarify the respective focuses of the "Middle School Student Talent Program" and "Strong Foundation Program" in the selection, cultivation, and use of projects, strengthen overall coordination, and improve training efficiency. Promote the reform of the content of the high school entrance examination, adhere to the concept of literacy, strengthen the experimental examination, and improve students' hands-on operation and experimental ability. The elective course "History of Science and Technology" is encouraged to be offered at the undergraduate level. Carry out various forms of family science popularization activities to create a "home door" science education position. Strengthen support of national science and technology programs for research in areas related to science education. Set up a number of pilot district schools and bases to play a leading role in demonstration. Regularly carry out national youth scientific literacy monitoring, timely publicize work progress and results, and actively create a good atmosphere for reform.
News attachment:
Opinions of eighteen departments including the Ministry of Education on strengthening science education in primary and secondary schools in the new era
Jiaoguan [2023] No. 2
Departments of Education (Education Commissions), Party Committee Propaganda Departments, Internet Information Offices, Civilization Offices, Development and Reform Commissions, Science and Technology Departments (Committees, Bureaus), Departments of Industry and Information Technology, Communications Administration Bureaus, Finance Departments (Bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government , Department of Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Environment (Bureau), Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Agriculture and Animal Husbandry) (Bureau, Committee), Youth League Committee, Women's Federation, Science and Technology Association, Youth Work Committee, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Education Bureau, Party Committee Propaganda Department, Internet Information Office, Civilization Office, Development and Reform Commission, Science and Technology Bureau, Industry and Information Technology Bureau, Finance Bureau, Natural Resources Bureau, Ecological Environment Bureau, Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Youth League Committee, Women's Federation, Science and Technology Association, Youth Work Committee, and various units affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Departments (bureaus) of education of relevant departments (units), colleges and universities affiliated to the Ministry, and colleges and universities jointly established by the Ministry and the province:
In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech during the third collective study of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee, fully implement the Party Central Committee and the State Council's "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-campus Training for Students in the Compulsory Education Stage" and "About Opinions on Further Strengthening the Popularization of Science and Technology in the New Era" "Outline of National Science Literacy Action Plan (2021-2035)" deployment requirements, focus on adding science education to the "double reduction" of education, and integrate education, technology, and talents For high-quality development, the following opinions are hereby offered.
1. General requirements
1. Guiding ideology
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, follow the central government's "double reduction" work deployment, focus on the fundamental task of cultivating people, improve the curriculum system, revise scientific textbooks, and improve teaching methods , strengthen the construction of teaching staff, make good use of practice places, launch high-quality resources, strengthen brand activities, promote discipline construction, carry out scientific research, mobilize social forces, promote the organic connection between the main front of primary and secondary science education schools and social classrooms, and improve students' science education. Quality, cultivate young people who have the potential of scientists and are willing to dedicate themselves to scientific research, cultivate socialist builders and successors, and lay a solid foundation for speeding up the construction of a country with strong education, strong science and technology, and strong talents, and comprehensively build a modern socialist country.
2. Working principle
Focus on practice and stimulate interest. Take students as the center, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, promote science education based on inquiry practice, stimulate primary and middle school students' curiosity, imagination and desire to explore, cultivate students' interest in science, guide students to participate in inquiry practice extensively, and combine learning and thinking, entertaining and entertaining. Consciously acquire scientific knowledge, cultivate scientific spirit, improve scientific literacy, enhance self-confidence and self-reliance in science and technology, cultivate family and country feelings, and strive to plant the seeds of science in children's hearts, and guide children to weave their dreams of becoming scientists.
The emphasis is on integration and utilization of resources. On the basis of the existing science education resources and working mechanism, integrate and increase efficiency, integrate internal and external resources, and accurately meet the needs of students. Relying on the national smart education public service platform, the national primary and secondary schools and students can choose independently from the menu to shape science education. New kinetic energy, new advantages.
Emphasis is on integration, internal and external linkage. Pay attention to the combination of knowledge learning and practice, strengthen learning by doing, using middle school, and creating middle school, coordinate popularization and improvement, selection and training, pay attention to the organic connection of grades and stages, and the horizontal cooperation of related disciplines, and encourage universities and research institutes to actively connect and lead middle schools Primary school science education promotes the effective linkage of "please come in" and "go out".
The emphasis is on inclusiveness, assistance and guidance. Strengthen macro-control, focus science education projects and tangible resources on central and western regions, rural areas, old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and key counties for national rural revitalization, and provide care, assistance and guidance to vulnerable schools and special children groups .
The focus is on collaboration and system design. Promote the improvement of the scientific education collaboration mechanism in which local party committees and governments are under the unified leadership, and all departments work together to manage, effectively link, and closely cooperate with each other, and continue to improve the collaborative education mechanism for universities, middle schools, primary schools, and families, schools, and communities. Do a good job in the top-level design of science education, comprehensively strengthen work deployment, promotion, monitoring, and guidance, realize the closed-loop management of the whole chain, and improve the implementation efficiency of science education.
3. Main goals
Through 3 to 5 years of hard work, various measures for the addition of science education in the "double reduction" of education will be fully implemented, the science education system in primary and secondary schools will be more complete, the resources of all sectors of society will be organically integrated, practical activities will be rich and colorful, and the scale of science education teachers will be improved. Continued expansion, markedly enhanced quality and ability, markedly sound education mechanisms for colleges, middle schools, primary schools, and family-school-community collaborative education, markedly improved quality of science education, markedly improved scientific literacy of primary and middle school students, science education is promoting students' healthy growth, all-round development, and advancing socialism Play an important role in the construction of a modern education power.
2. Improve school teaching and services
4. Improve the system of curriculum and teaching materials, and improve the standards of science education. To adapt to the needs of technological development and industrial transformation, strengthen the revision and improvement of curriculum standards and teaching materials for primary and secondary school science and related subjects (physics, chemistry, biology, geography, information technology/information technology, general technology, etc.), highlight the cultivation of students' core literacy, and strengthen grades The school stages are organically connected, and science education and engineering education are planned as a whole, reflecting practicality and comprehensiveness. Strengthen domestic software application guidance in science education textbooks. Incorporate teaching aids into the supervision system to ensure the ideological and scientific nature of teaching aids. Implement curriculum plans and curriculum standards, organize the development of adapted curriculum resources and provide them to schools free of charge. Integrate design of school curriculum, after-school services and extracurricular practical activities.
5. Deepen school teaching reform and improve the quality of science education. All localities should strengthen teaching management, and open and fully open science courses according to the curriculum plan. Continuously optimize teaching plans and learning plans, and strengthen targeted scientific education guidance for students. Implement heuristic and inquiry-based teaching, improve the level of homework design, and cultivate students' deep thinking. Explore project-based and interdisciplinary learning to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Implement teaching equipment configuration standards for science and related disciplines, and strengthen laboratory construction. Explore the use of artificial intelligence, virtual reality and other technical means to improve and strengthen experimental teaching, and pay attention to the use of advanced educational technology to make up for the lack of high-quality education and teaching resources in weak areas, weak schools and special children groups. Organize the selection of excellent experimental teaching courses. Give full play to the role of teaching and research departments and teaching steering committees at all levels to identify, cultivate and promote advanced teaching methods and models.
6. Create conditions to enrich the content and expand scientific practice activities. All localities should carry out experiments and inquiry practice activities in accordance with the curriculum standards, and implement interdisciplinary theme learning in principle, which should not be less than 10% of the teaching requirements. Each school should have school leaders or hire experts and scholars to serve as vice presidents of science. In principle, at least one science and technology instructor should be set up, and at least one institution with a certain science popularization function (library, base, park, enterprise, etc.) should be paired up. It is necessary to "please come in" and "go out" two-way interaction to carry out practical activities. In terms of "please come in", carry out activities such as "scientists (spiritual) entering the campus", youth science academy, mobile science and technology museum, mobile youth palace, popular science caravan, science and technology festival, scientific investigation experience and so on. In terms of "going out", primary and middle school students are organized to go to science education places to conduct scene-based and experiential scientific practice activities.
7. Include after-school service projects to attract students to actively participate. All localities should regard science education as the most basic and necessary item of after-school services, and carry out popular science lectures, scientific experiments, scientific and technological creations, maker activities, observation and research, etc., and continuously improve the attractiveness of after-school services. Strengthen guidance to student science and technology associations and interest groups, guide and support interested students to carry out scientific inquiry and experimentation in a long-term, in-depth and systematic manner. Improve the mechanism for third-party institutions to enter the campus, and coordinate the use of high-quality social science education resources.
8. Strengthen the construction of the teaching staff and give full play to the leading role of teachers. Increase and strengthen a number of teacher-training majors for training teachers of primary and secondary science courses, and strengthen the ability of experimental teaching. Explore the selection and training of a group of high-level, compound high school science teachers. Increase the proportion of teachers in science courses in projects such as public-funded normal students and the "Excellent Teacher Program". Encourage high-level comprehensive universities to participate in teacher training, and strengthen the supply of high-quality professional science course teachers from the source. In the "National Training Plan" demonstration project, a special training project for teachers of science courses in primary and secondary schools is set up. Upgrade the implementation of the action plan for improving the scientific literacy of primary and secondary school teachers, enhance the awareness and ability of science education, and explore the certification of the professional level of science education. Implement the establishment of primary school science teacher positions, strengthen the allocation of primary and secondary school experimenters, and science teaching and research personnel in teaching and research departments at all levels, and gradually promote the realization that each primary school has at least one science teacher with a master's degree in science and engineering. All localities should effectively stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of teachers to participate in science education, and explore the establishment of multiple evaluation mechanisms for teachers of science courses.
3. Make good use of social classrooms
9. Fully mobilize relevant units to serve scientific practice education. Strengthen departmental collaboration, mobilize universities, research institutes, science and technology museums, youth palaces, children's activity centers, museums, cultural centers, libraries, planning exhibition halls, and industrial and agricultural enterprises to open their venues, bases, camps, and parks to students , production lines and other positions, platforms, carriers and resources provide a material basis for the extensive implementation of scientific practice education. Encourage relevant departments and units to establish expert teams for "science education social classrooms" to develop science education courses and projects suitable for primary and secondary school students. Combined with the construction of a child-friendly city, promote the construction of educational bases with multi-functional functions such as science popularization and experience. Deepen the opening of environmental protection facilities, enrich the content and forms of environmental science popularization, and build an ecological civilization education base. Using service forms and models such as parent schools, children's homes, juvenile science colleges, and youth science studios, science education is provided to families and young people.
10. Guide enterprises to build aid bases and improve practical teaching conditions. All localities should actively mobilize all kinds of enterprises, especially those closely related to high-tech, to provide equipment, equipment, books, Software, etc., training professional explainers. Guide high-tech industrial and agricultural enterprises to carry out "self-confidence and self-reliance technology product experience" activities, and encourage primary and middle school students to be diligent in exploration and practice. Guide primary and middle school students to learn scientific knowledge in the real production and living environment, and realize the spirit of labor, research, innovation, and craftsmanship.
11. Encourage colleges and universities and scientific research institutes to actively connect with primary and secondary schools to lead the development of science education. Encourage and support universities and scientific research institutes to establish incentive mechanisms, guide scientists (scientific and technological workers) to research and participate in science education in primary and secondary schools, arrange scientific and technological resources such as laboratories to be properly opened to primary and secondary school students, and jointly organize scientific summer (winter) camps, etc. Provide a strong guarantee for scientific practice activities. All localities should build platforms to support primary and secondary schools in connecting with universities and research institutes, and make good use of relevant practical resources. Promote the joint teaching and research of universities and middle schools to achieve better convergence of teaching content and teaching methods; advocate the joint construction of innovation laboratories, popular science stations, and talent training classes, explore the dual tutor system of universities and middle schools, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
12. Promote omni-media communication and create an atmosphere for science education. Vigorously promote the spirit of science and the spirit of scientists, promote the new media platforms of major central media to set up science education columns, increase the promotion and guidance of science education, and encourage primary and middle school students to establish a lofty ambition to serve the country with science and technology. Incorporate science education into the key tasks of the "double reduction" publicity work matrix, encourage the central and local major media to cooperate with various science education institutions at all levels and social organizations related to science and technology, strengthen the creation of original science popularization works, actively promote the innovation of science education communication, and create a Support a strong atmosphere for science education.
13. Optimize the digital intelligence platform and enrich science education resources. Link science education resources on the national smart education public service platform, encourage all sectors of society to produce and launch "science open courses" and "family science education guidance courses", etc., and continuously enrich platform resources. Establish a resource bank for scientists (scientific and technological workers), science courses, and science education venues, strengthen resource collection, docking, and scheduling mechanisms, and efficiently and orderly arrange places and schools to choose and use them.
4. Do a good job in the connection of relevant reforms
14. Standardize the off-campus training of science and technology to form a beneficial supplement to school education. All localities should reasonably plan the overall scale, setting standards, and approval procedures of non-disciplinary off-campus training institutions for science and technology, guide the legal operation and standardized development of institutions, and effectively meet the individual needs of students. Incorporate all science and technology non-disciplinary off-campus training institutions into the national off-campus education and training supervision and service comprehensive platform, and implement full-process supervision. According to actual needs, compliant non-disciplinary training courses of science and technology can be properly introduced through government procurement of services and other methods.
15. Strictly manage competition activities and cultivate students' spirit of "devotion to science". All localities should strengthen positive publicity and guidance, guide primary and secondary school students to rationally choose to participate in the "white list" competition, build a growth platform for primary and secondary school students, discover potential students, and guide them to actively participate in scientific research. Guide the competition organizers to integrate patriotic education into the competition activities, cultivate the feelings of family and country of the participating students; highlight collectivism education, and lay a solid ideological foundation for the participating students to engage in organized scientific research in the future.
16. Coordinate top-notch innovative talent projects, and explore long-term mechanisms for selection and training. All localities and relevant colleges and universities should actively explore effective models for the selection and training of top-notch innovative talents, establish an overall coordination mechanism, and clarify the "Middle School Student Excellence Program", "Strong Foundation Program", "Top Student Training Program for Basic Disciplines", and "University Science Camp". Cultivate and use their respective emphases, refine support measures, promote orderly implementation, and improve cultivation efficiency. Promote all kinds of schools to strengthen follow-up research and summarization, and achieve practical results in the discovery methods and training paths of potential students. Pilot construction of science and technology high schools, and strengthen the connection between university and high school education in personnel training.
17. Promote the reform of the content of the high school entrance examination and improve the proposition of the academic level examination. All localities should improve the form of test questions, adhere to the concept of literacy, enhance the basicity, applicability, comprehensiveness, and innovation of test questions, reduce mechanical brushing questions, guide classroom teaching to improve quality and efficiency, and cultivate students' scientific spirit. Strengthen the experimental examination, improve students' hands-on operation and experimental ability. Establish a high-level test-setting (review) team composed of subject test-setting (review) personnel, subject secretaries, education measurement experts, and test-setting organization and management personnel, and optimize the team structure. Strengthen career development planning education for middle school students, and guide students to clarify their interests, specialties and career goals.
18. Pay attention to systematic design and arrangement, and help the organic connection of different stages. All localities should promote the organic development and extension of primary and secondary school science education to all levels and types of education according to the focus of each school stage. Pay attention to the connection and integration of science-related courses in ordinary high schools and vocational education. The elective course "History of Science and Technology" is encouraged to be offered at the undergraduate level. Strengthen the cultivation of scientific and technological innovation ability at the postgraduate level, and guide students to master scientific research methods and innovative thinking.
19. Implement family science education and promote family-school-community collaborative education. All localities should highlight the value of science popularization, gather the strength of science popularization experts, launch family science popularization open classes, carry out various forms of family science popularization activities, create a "doorstep" science education position, promote science education into thousands of households, and improve parents' awareness of science popularization and students Scientific literacy.
20. Strengthen the construction of disciplines and majors, and carry out scientific education research. Strengthen the construction of science education disciplines and build a high-quality talent team. Strengthen support of national science and technology programs for research in areas related to science education. Promote the construction of an interdisciplinary research platform for science education. Encourage colleges and universities, educational academies, and scientific research institutes to establish science education research centers to carry out theoretical research and practice. Strengthen international exchanges among teachers, keep abreast of international science education trends, and absorb outstanding research results.
V. Strengthen organizational leadership
21. Comprehensive system deployment. Effectively improve the political position, give full play to the role of the special coordination mechanism for the "double reduction" work, and establish a scientific education work mechanism led by the education department and jointly managed by relevant departments. Detailed and perfect measures to ensure that science education is effective. Fully mobilize social forces, set up an expert team composed of scientists, scientific and technological talents in various fields, science and technology museums and science and technology education bases, and strengthen planning guidance and promote implementation. Build a platform for discussion and exchange of science education in primary and secondary schools, promote typical work cases, and summarize and optimize the path of reform and development.
22. Implement funding guarantee. Coordinate funds and projects from all parties, seek social funding extensively, and increase support for science education. All resource units must adhere to the orientation of public welfare, and provide science education services to primary and secondary school students for free or at a discount. Make good use of the existing lottery public welfare fund projects, and earnestly do a good job in education assistance and out-of-school research for primary and secondary school students. Actively seek the support of social organizations such as the China Education Development Foundation, and increase support for vulnerable areas, weak schools, and groups of special children.
23. Strengthen project leadership. Implement the "School Science Education Quality Improvement Plan", "Scientists (Spirit) Entering the Campus Action", "'Thousands of Houses' Science Education General Mobilization Action", "Science Popularization into Tens of Thousands of Houses Action", "Juvenile Science Academy", "Science Education Center Aid Project in the Central and Western Regions" "" "All-media science popularization action" and other key projects, and timely release key project plans. Set up experimental (demonstration) areas, experimental (demonstration) schools, and demonstration bases to lead the reform and development of national primary and secondary science education.
24. Implement monitoring guidance. Strengthen scientific education research and guidance, and consolidate responsibilities at all levels. Strengthen dynamic monitoring, regularly analyze and judge the scientific literacy of young people, and publish relevant results. Complete the statistical investigation of popular science resources on time, and strengthen the construction guidance for areas with weak resources. Timely publicize the progress and achievements of the work, improve the awareness and recognition of the people, and create a good atmosphere for reform.
Ministry of Education Central Propaganda Department Central Cyberspace Administration
Central Spiritual Civilization Construction Office National Development and Reform Commission Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Ministry of Finance Ministry of Natural Resources
Ministry of Ecology and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chinese Academy of Sciences
The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of the Natural Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
All-China Women's Federation China Association for Science and Technology National Youth Working Committee
May 17, 2023
